:: Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2018) ::
CJHR 2018, 3(2): 35-40 Back to browse issues page
Comparison of Anxiety, Depression and Lifestyle in Obese and Normal Weight Children
Elham Jahanbin-Amirhandeh * 1, Mansour Hakim-Javadi 2, Abbas Ali Hosein-Khanzadeh 2, Hamidreza Hatamian 3
1- Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran , Elham_jahanbin@yahoo.com
2- Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3- Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
Abstract:   (320 Views)
Background: Childhood obesity is a health issue that, in addition to physical complications, can have many psychological consequences such as anxiety and depression. The aim of the present study was to compare anxiety, depression and lifestyle in obese and normal weight children.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in Rasht, North of Iran. The study population included all children studying at primary school in city of Rasht during 2015-2016. Using
non-probability multi-stage sampling method, a total of 240 children were selected. Body mass index was used to assess obesity. Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, Children Depression Inventory, and Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire were used to measure anxiety, depression, and lifestyle, respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to compare adjusted mean of anxiety, depression, and lifestyle between the two groups.
Results: The mean age of participants was 11.78 years (standard deviation = 0.7). There was no statistical significant difference between obese and normal weight children in anxiety and depression. The adjusted mean of lifestyle score in obese children (216, 95% CI:211-221)  was significantly lower than that in the normal weight group (224, 95% CI:219-229). In both groups of obese and normal weight, the mean lifestyle scores in girls (214, 95% CI:209-219) were significantly lower than boys (226, 95% CI:221-231).
Conclusion: This study found no significant association between obesity with psychological disorders of anxiety and depression. Regarding to the better lifestyle scores of normal weight children compared to that of obese children, prospective studies on school-age children’s lifestyle especially in girls is needed.
 
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Life Style, Obesity
Full-Text [PDF 493 kb]   (215 Downloads)    
Article Type: Original Contributions | Subject: Health Management
Received: 2017/06/11 | Accepted: 2018/04/21 | Published: 2018/06/27
References
1. Skelton J, Rudolph C. Overweight and obesity. In: Kliegman R, Nelson WE, editors. Nelson texbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2007:232-242.
2. Story M. School-based approaches for preventing and treating obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(Suppl 2):S43-51. [DOI:10.1038/sj/ijo/0800859]
3. Poskitt EM. Countries in transition: underweight to obesity non-stop? Ann Trop Paediatr. 2009;29(1):1-11. [DOI:10.1179/146532809X401971]
4. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806-814. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2014.732]
5. Roberts KC, Shields M, de Groh M, Aziz A, Gilbert JA. Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep. 2012;23(3):37-41.
6. Amanollahi A, Sohrabi M, Montazeri A, Abadi A, Kolahi A. Study of obesity levels among School students [In Persian]. Payesh Health Monit. 2012;11(1):89-95.
7. Daniels SR. The consequences of childhood overweight and obesity. Future Child. 2006;16(1):47-67. [DOI:10.1353/foc.2006.0004]
8. Puhl RM, Latner JD. Stigma, obesity, and the health of the nation's children. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(4):557-580. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.557]
9. Seyed Amini B, Malek A, Moradi A, Ebrahimi Mamaghani M. Overweight and obesity associated with internalizing behavior problems in elementary school girls [In Persian]. Med J Tabriz Univ Med Sci. 2010;31(4):40-44.
10. Seifsafari S, Firoozabadi A, Ghanizadeh A, Salehi A. A symptom profile analysis of depression in a sample of Iranian patients. Iran J Med Sci. 2013;38(1):22-29.
11. Blaine B. Does depression cause obesity? a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of depression and weight control. J Health Psychol. 2008;13(8):1190-1197. [DOI:10.1177/1359105308095977]
12. Rofey DL, Kolko RP, Iosif AM, Silk JS, Bost JE, Feng W,et al. A longitudinal study of childhood depression and anxiety in relation to weight gain. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2009;40(4):517-526. [DOI:10.1007/s10578-009-0141-1]
13. Fuchino Y, Mizoue T, Tokui N, Ide R, Fujino Y, Yoshimura T. Health-related lifestyle and mental health among inhabitants of a city in Japan [In Japanese]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2003;50(4):303-313.
14. Sadeghi K, Gharraee B, Fata L, Mazhari SZ. Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Treating Patients with Obesity [In Persian]. Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol. 2011;16(2):107-117.
15. Reynolds CR, Bradley M, Steele C. Preliminary norms and technical data for use of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale with kindergarten children. Psychol Sch. 1981; 17(2):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(198004)17:2<163::AID-PITS2310170204>3.0.CO;2-0 [DOI:10.1002/1520-6807(198004)17:23.0.CO;2-0]
16. Pela OA, Reynolds CR. Cross-cultural application of the Revised-Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale: normative and reliability data for Nigerian primary school children. Psychol Rep. 1982;51(3 Pt 2):1135-1138. [DOI:10.2466/pr0.1982.51.3f.1135]
17. Kovacs M, Beck AT. An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In: Schulterbrandt JG, Raskin A, editors. Depression in children: diagnosis, treatment and conceptual models. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health; 1977:1-25.
18. Rajabi Gh, Attari Y. Factor analysis on depression questionnare in children and teens [In Persian]. Counseling Research and Development. 2004;3(9,10):83-102.
19. Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Champagne CM, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, et al. The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE): design and methods. BMC Public Health. 2015;13(1):900. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-13-900]
20. Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Roohafza HR, Poyrarian Sh. Assessment of anxiety in 12-18 years old owerweight and obese students in Isfahan [In Persian]. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2005;9(2):104-108.
21. Pastore DR, Fisher M, Friedman SB. Abnormalities in weight status, eating attitudes, and eating behaviors among urban high school students: correlations with self-esteem and anxiety. J Adolesc Health. 1996;18(5):312-319. [DOI:10.1016/1054-139X(95)00321-I]
22. Wang Y. Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? A comparison of the association in American boys versus girls. Pediatrics. 2002;110(5):903-910. [DOI:10.1542/peds.110.5.903]
23. Titchener K, Wong QJ. A weighty issue: explaining the association between body mass index and appearance-based social anxiety. Eat Behav. 2015;16:13-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.10.005]
24. Whitaker RC. Obesity prevention in pediatric primary care: four behaviors to target. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(8):725-727. [DOI:10.1001/archpedi.157.8.725]
25. Amirkhizi F, Siassi F, Hamedi S, Jalali M. Valuation of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in women with general and abdominal adiposity [In Persian]. Med J Mashhad Univ Med Sci. 2011;55(3):170-177.
26. Papageorgiou GM, Papakonstantinou A, Mamplekou E, Terzis I, Melissas J. Pre- and postoperative psychological characteristics in morbidly obese patients. Obes Surg. 2002;12(4):534-539. [DOI:10.1381/096089202762252307]
27. Gariepy G, Nitka D, Schmitz N. The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34(3):407-419. [DOI:10.1038/ijo.2009.252]
28. Hasler G, Pine DS, Gamma A, Milos G, Ajdacic V, Eich D, et al. The associations between psychopathology and being overweight: a 20-year prospective study. Psychol Med. 2004;34(6):1047-1057. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291703001697]
29. Lykouras L, Michopoulos J. Anxiety disorders and obesity. Psychiatriki. 2011;22(4):307-313.
30. Askari J, Hassanbeigi A, Mozaffari Khosravi H, Malek M, Hassanbeigi D, Pourmovahed Z, et al. The relationship between obesity and depression. Procedia - Social Behavioral Sciences. 2013;84:796-800. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.649]
31. Friedman MA, Brownell KD. Psychological correlates of obesity: moving to the next research generation. Psychol Bull. 1995;117(1):3-20. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.3]
32. Kress AM, Peterson MR, Hartzell MC. Association between obesity and depressive symptoms among U.S. Military active duty service personnel. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2006;60(3):263-271. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.08.011]
33. Wyatt RJ, Henter ID, Mojtabai R, Bartko JJ. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) in psychiatrically ill US Armed Forces personnel. Psychol Med. 2003;33(2):363-368. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291702006694]
34. Wardle J, Cooke L. The impact of obesity on psychological well -being. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19(3):421-440. [DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.006]
35. Dixon JB, Dixon ME, O'Brien PE. Depression in association with severe obesity: changes with weight loss. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(17):2058-2065. [DOI:10.1001/archinte.163.17.2058]
36. Faith MS, Matz PE, Jorge MA. Obesity-depression associations in the population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(4):935-942. [DOI:10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00308-2]
37. Friedman KE, Reichmann SK, Costanzo PR, Musante GJ. Body image partially mediates the relationship between obesity and psychological distress. Obes Res. 2002;10(1):33-41. [DOI:10.1038/oby.2002.5]
38. Stunkard AJ, Faith MS, Allison KC. Depression and obesity. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54(3):330-337. [DOI:10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00608-5]
39. Anderson SE, Cohen P, Naumova EN, Must A. Association of depression and anxiety disorders with weight change in a prospective community-based study of children followed up into adulthood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(3):285-291. [DOI:10.1001/archpedi.160.3.285]
40. Crisp AH, Queenan M, Sittampaln Y, Harris G. 'Jolly fat' revisited. J Psychosom Res. 1980;24(5):233-241. [DOI:10.1016/0022-3999(80)90013-6]
41. Richardson LP, Garrison MM, Drangsholt M, Mancl L, LeResche L. Associations between depressive symptoms and obesity during puberty. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2006;28(4):313-320. [DOI:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.03.007]
42. Blümel JE, Chedrauia P, Aedo S, Fica J, Mezones-Holguín E, Barón G, et al. Obesity and its relation to depressive symptoms and sedentary lifestyle in middle-aged women. Maturitas. 2015;80(1):100-105. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.10.007]
43. Castro JAC, Nunes HEG, Santos Silva DA. Prevalence of abdominal obesity in adolescents: association between sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2016;34(3):343-351. [DOI:10.1016/j.rpped.2016.01.003]
44. Jago R, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Thompson D, Greaves KA. BMI from 3-6 years of age is predicted by TV viewing and physical activity, not diet. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(6):557-564. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802969]
45. Menghetti E, Strisciuglio P, Spagnolo A, Carletti M, Paciotti G, Muzzi G, et al. Hypertension and obesity in Italian school children: The role of diet, lifestyle and family history. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(6):602-607. [DOI:10.1016/j.numecd.2015.02.009]
46. Reevens GM, Postolache TT, Snitker S. Childhood obesity and depression: connection between these growing problems in growing children. Int J Child Health Hum Dev. 2008;1(2): 103-114.
47. Schneider M, Dunton GF, Cooper DM. Media use and obesity in adolescent females. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(9):2328-2335. [DOI:10.1038/oby.2007.276]
48. Syahrul S, Kimura R, Tsuda A, Susanto T, Saito R, Ahmad F. Prevalence of underweight and overweight among school-aged children and it's association with children's sociodemographic and lifestyle in Indonesia. Int J Nurs Sci. 2016;3(2):169-177. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.04.004]
49. Must A, Tybor DJ. Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(Suppl 2):S84-S96. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803064]
50. Ishii K, Shibata A, Adachi M, Nonoue K, Oka K. Gender and grade differences in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns among Japanese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):1254. [DOI:10.1186/s12889-015-2607-3]
51. Sato K, Tamashiro H. Gender differences in the relationships between obesity and lifestyle risk factors in a small farming town in Japan. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2008;20(Suppl):236-243.
52. Santiago S, Zazpe I, Martí A, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Gender differences in lifestyle determinants of overweight prevalence in a sample of Southern European children. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013;7(5):e391-e400. [DOI:10.1016/j.orcp.2012.07.001]
53. Ferrari GL, Araújo TL, Oliveira LC, Matsudo V, Fisberg M. Association between electronic equipment in the bedroom and sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and body mass index of children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015;91(6):574-582. [DOI:10.1016/j.jped.2015.01.009]

XML     Print

Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2018) Back to browse issues page